Iffley

Iffley
Iffley
	St Mary's parish church
	Iffley Iffley Location within Oxfordshire
OS grid reference	SP535037
District	Oxford;
Shire county	Oxfordshire;
Region	South East;
Country	England
Sovereign state	United Kingdom
Post town	Oxford
Postcode district	OX4
Dialling code	01865
Police	Thames Valley
Fire	Oxfordshire
Ambulance	South Central
UK Parliament	Oxford East;
	List of places UK England Oxfordshire 51°43′52″N 1°13′37″W / 51.731°N 1.227°W

Iffley is a village in a designated conservation area in Oxfordshire, England. It lies within the boundaries of the city of Oxford, between Cowley and the estates of Rose Hill and Donnington, and in proximity to the River Thames (Isis). A notable feature is its largely unchanged Norman church, St Mary the Virgin,^[1] which has a modern stained glass Nativity window designed by John Piper and another window designed by Roger Wagner. The church is a Grade I listed building.

History

"In the chronicles of Abingdon Abbey (941 – 946) the place is called Gifteleia. The Domesday Book of 1086 it is Givetelei. Merton College records in the 1290s call it Iftele and Yiftele; it is Yeftley to the civil servants writing up the Domesday of Inclosures, in Latin, in 1517 – 18; Lincoln College accounts, written less formally and in English, have Ifley by 1543, and it is Iffley or Iflie during the Civil War 1642 – 46. Clearly, the sound of the name — at a time when spoken forms were dominant — was fixed by then. Afterwards the Y survived in occasional use, but only lawyers bothered with the T..."^[2]

The ending of the name of this village near Oxford, means "cleared ground": the Old English term for that was "ley" — just up the road from modern Iffley, the town of Cowley also preserves the Old English ending and meaning in its name. No records of the foundation of Iffley have been found, but the reason for its founding is clear from the location: Iffley has a little hill, and so is the first place downriver from Oxford from which traffic on the Thames might be surveyed, and controlled — and where people might be safe from floods:

"It is likely that the hill, running to 295 ft, now known as Rose Hill and Iffley, was a desirable place to live, safe from any floods. Many other villages, above and below, are set back from the river to cater for floods."^[2]

During the 12th century Oxford townsmen built a watermill at Iffley, which was bought by Lincoln College, Oxford in 1445: the mill burned in 1908, having survived for nearly 800 years. Products ground at the Iffley mill included malt, barley, corn and other cereals — for a brief time during the 15th century it was a fulling mill. The mill,

"…was notorious for its arguments between bargees and millers, who being in possession of the lock, whether it was a flash or pound lock, could preserve their head of water, and not let it flow down river, by opening the gates, as long as they wished."^[2]

In 1156 Iffley was among the holdings of the Norman family of St. Remy, until about 1200. They established Iffley as a parish, and built the parish church, "in size and decorative splendour out of all proportion to the place".^[2] The manor was owned by many, thereafter. The Archdeacons of Oxford were given the right to appoint the parish priest in 1279: they held this until 1965, when the power was given to the Dean and Chapter of Christ Church, Oxford.

In 1921 the civil parish had a population of 405.^[3] On 1 April 1929 the parish was abolished and merged with St Giles and St John and Littlemore.^[4]

Domesday Book entry

People mentioned: Abbey of St Mary of Winchcombe; Aelfgifu; Alnoth; Alric; Alwine; Azur; Bondi; Brian; Cynewig; Earl Tosti; Earl Aubrey de Coucy of Northumbria; Edwin the sheriff; Henry de Ferrers; Hugh; Hugh d'Ivry; Hugh de Bolbec; Queen Edith; Ralph; Robert; Roger; Rolf; Swein; Turold; Walter; Walter Giffard; William Peverel; William de Warenne; William fitzAnsculf. Date: 1086^[5]

Iffley Meadows

Iffley Meadows is a nature reserve occupying much of Iffley Island, an area of flood-meadow on the opposite side of the Thames.^[6] The reserve is managed by the Berkshire, Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire Wildlife Trust on behalf of Oxford City Council.^[7]^[8] The meadows are notable for their large population of snake's head fritillaries.^[9]

Notable people

Thomas Nowell (1730–1801), clergyman and historian^[10]
Frank Bickerton (1889–1954) Antarctic explorer and World War I aviator^[11]
John Grimley Evans (1936–2018), gerontologist^[12]
Peggy Seeger (b.1935), American folk singer^[13]
Stephen R. Lawhead (b. 1950), writer^[14]
Barten Holyday (1593–1661), clergyman, poet, and translator

References

^ Parish Church of St Mary the Virgin, Iffley
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d The Iffley History Society
^ "Population statistics Iffley CP/AP through time". A Vision of Britain through Time. Retrieved 6 April 2024.
^ "Relationships and changes Iffley CP/AP through time". A Vision of Britain through Time. Retrieved 6 April 2024.
^ The National Archives Documents Online. Description. Place name: Iffley, Oxfordshire. Folio: 157v Great Domesday Book. Domesday place name: Givetelei
^ "Iffley Island, Oxford". Nature Reserves. Oxford Conservation Volunteers. Retrieved 21 April 2019.
^ "Iffley Meadow Nature Reserve". Countryside and nature reserves. Oxford City Council. Retrieved 21 April 2019.
^ "Iffley Meadows". Nature Reserves. Berkshire, Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire Wildlife Trust. Retrieved 21 April 2019.
^ Simons, Paul (22 April 2015). "Plantwatch: A rare glimpse of a field full of 'the snaky flower'". The Guardian. Retrieved 21 April 2019.
^ Caudle, J. J. (23 September 2004). "Nowell, Thomas (1730?–1801)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/20382. Retrieved 10 July 2018. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
^ 1891 Census of Headington District, RG11/1166, Folio 49, page 9.
^ "Sir John Grimley Evans". The Times. 24 April 2018. Retrieved 29 April 2018.
^ Tim Hughes, "Protest singer Peggy Seeger is still a rebel with a cause", Oxford Mail, November 14, 2013.
^ Duckles, Jo (14 January 2015). "God in the life of Stephen Lawhead". Diocese of Oxford. Retrieved 14 February 2021.

Sources

Lobel, Mary D, ed. (1957). Victoria County History: A History of the County of Oxford: Volume 5: Bullingdon Hundred. pp. 189–206.
Sherwood, Jennifer; Pevsner, Nikolaus (1974). The Buildings of England: Oxfordshire. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books. pp. 658–662. ISBN 0-14-071045-0.

External links

[1] Parish Church of St Mary the Virgin, Iffley

[IHS3-2] The Iffley History Society

[3] "Population statistics Iffley CP/AP through time". A Vision of Britain through Time. Retrieved 6 April 2024.

[4] "Relationships and changes Iffley CP/AP through time". A Vision of Britain through Time. Retrieved 6 April 2024.

[5] The National Archives Documents Online. Description. Place name: Iffley, Oxfordshire. Folio: 157v Great Domesday Book. Domesday place name: Givetelei

[OCVMeadows-6] "Iffley Island, Oxford". Nature Reserves. Oxford Conservation Volunteers. Retrieved 21 April 2019.

[OCCMeadows-7] "Iffley Meadow Nature Reserve". Countryside and nature reserves. Oxford City Council. Retrieved 21 April 2019.

[BBOWTMeadows-8] "Iffley Meadows". Nature Reserves. Berkshire, Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire Wildlife Trust. Retrieved 21 April 2019.

[GuardianFritllaries-9] Simons, Paul (22 April 2015). "Plantwatch: A rare glimpse of a field full of 'the snaky flower'". The Guardian. Retrieved 21 April 2019.

[NowellDNB-10] Caudle, J. J. (23 September 2004). "Nowell, Thomas (1730?–1801)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/20382. Retrieved 10 July 2018. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)

[11] 1891 Census of Headington District, RG11/1166, Folio 49, page 9.

[12] "Sir John Grimley Evans". The Times. 24 April 2018. Retrieved 29 April 2018.

[13] Tim Hughes, "Protest singer Peggy Seeger is still a rebel with a cause", Oxford Mail, November 14, 2013.

[14] Duckles, Jo (14 January 2015). "God in the life of Stephen Lawhead". Diocese of Oxford. Retrieved 14 February 2021.

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Wards, suburbs, neighbourhoods and districts	Barton Binsey Cowley Florence Park Temple Cowley Cutteslowe Donnington Godstow Grandpont Headington Headington Hill New Headington Old Headington Holywell Iffley Jericho New Botley New Hinksey New Marston Norham Manor North Oxford Central North Oxford Park Town Northway Osney Port Meadow St Clement's St. Ebbes St John Street area St. Thomas' Oxpens Science Area Summertown Sunnymead Walton Manor Wolvercote Waterways
Civil parishes	Blackbird Leys Greater Leys Littlemore Rose Hill Old Marston Risinghurst and Sandhills Risinghurst Sandhills Barton Headington Quarry Wood Farm
Former district and borough	County Borough of Oxford Headington Rural District
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