List of wars and battles involving China
The following is a list of wars and battles involving China, organized by date.[1][2]
Ancient China
[edit]| Year(s) | Event | Brief description |
|---|---|---|
| 26th century BCE | Battle of Banquan | The Yellow Emperor defeats the Yan Emperor.[citation needed] |
| 26th century BCE | Battle of Zhuolu | The Yellow Emperor defeats Chiyou and establishes the Han Chinese civilization.[citation needed] |
| 1675 BCE | Battle of Mingtiao | The Xia dynasty is overthrown and replaced by the Shang dynasty.[citation needed] |
| 1046 BCE | Battle of Muye | The Shang dynasty is overthrown and replaced by the Zhou dynasty. |
| c. 1042–1039 BCE | Rebellion of the Three Guards | The Zhou dynasty defeats the discontented Zhou princes, and their Shang loyalist allies. |
| 771 BCE | Battle of Mount Li (Lishan) | King You of Zhou is killed and the Western Zhou dynasty ends. |
| 739–678 BCE | Jin–Quwo wars | Dynastic struggles between two branches of Jin's ruling house |
| 707 BCE | Battle of Xuge | The Eastern Zhou dynasty is defeated by the vassal Zheng state. |
| 701–680 BCE | Zheng war of succession | Caused by the death of Duke Zhuang of Zheng[3][4] |
| 685 BCE | Battle of Qianshi | The Qi state defeats the Lu state.[5] |
| 684 BCE | Battle of Changshao | The Lu state defeats the Qi state |
| 657–651 BCE | Li Ji Unrest | War about the future succession of Duke Xian of Jin Yang |
| 643–642 BCE | War of Qi's succession | Caused by the death of Duke Huan of Qi |
| 635 BCE | War of the Zhou succession | Jin state assisted King Xiang of Zhou against his brother, Prince Dai, who claimed the Zhou throne |
| 632 BCE | Battle of Chengpu | The Jin state defeats the Chu state. |
| 627 BCE | Battle of Xiao | The Jin defeats Qin. |
| 595 BCE | Battle of Bi | The Chu state defeats the Jin state. |
| 589 BCE | Battle of An | The Jin state defeats the Qi state. |
| 575 BC | Battle of Yanling | The Jin state defeats the Chu state. |
| 506 BCE | Battle of Boju | The Wu state defeats the Chu state. |
| 4th century BCE | Gojoseon–Yan War | The Yan state defeats the Gojoseon kingdom. |
| 494 BCE | Battle of Fujiao | The Wu state defeats the Yue state. |
| c. 481–403 BCE | Partition of Jin | Series of wars between rival noble families of Jin, who eventually sought to divide the state's territory amongst themselves at the expense of Jin's ruling house. The state was definitively carved up between the successor states of Zhao, Wei and Han in 376 BCE. |
| 478 BCE | Battle of Lize | The Yue state defeats the Wu state. |
| 453 BCE | Battle of Jinyang | The Zhao state defeats the Zhi state. Leads to the Partition of Jin. |
| c. 403–221 BCE | Warring States period | Series of dynastic interstate and intrastate wars during the Eastern Zhou dynasty over succession and territory |
| 370–367 BCE | War of the Wei succession | Caused by the death of Marquess Wu of Wei |
| 354–353 BCE | Battle of Guiling | The Qi state defeats the Wei state. |
| 342 BCE | Battle of Maling | The Qi state defeats the Wei state. |
| 341 BCE | Battle of Guailing | |
| 293 BCE | Battle of Yique | The Qin state defeats the Wei and Han states. |
| 269 BCE | Battle of Yanyu | |
| 265 BCE | Zhao–Xiongnu War | The Zhao state defeats the Xiongnu |
| 260 BCE | Battle of Changping | The Qin state defeats the Zhao state. |
| 259–257 BCE | Battle of Handan | The allied forces of Zhao, Wei and Chu defeats the Qin. |
| 230–221 BCE | Qin's wars of unification | The Qin state conquers the six other major states in China and unifies the country under the Qin dynasty. |
Imperial China
[edit]Qin dynasty (221–206 BCE)
[edit]| Year(s) | Event | Brief description |
|---|---|---|
| 215 BCE | Qin's campaign against the Xiongnu | Qin forces defeat the Xiongnu in the Ordos Desert. |
| 214 BCE | Qin campaign against the Yue tribes | Qin forces defeat and conquer the Yue tribes living in southern China and northern Vietnam. |
| 209 BCE | Dazexiang uprising | Chen Sheng and Wu Guang lead a rebellion against the Qin dynasty. |
| 207 BCE | Battle of Julu | A rebel coalition army led by Xiang Yu defeats Qin forces. |
Han dynasty (206 BCE – 220 CE)
[edit]Chu-Han Contention (206–202 BCE)
[edit]| Year(s) | Event | Brief description |
|---|---|---|
| 206–202 BCE | Chu-Han Contention | Han defeats Chu and its allies and unifies China. |
| 205 BCE | Battle of Pengcheng | Western Chu defeats Han. |
| 205 BCE | Battle of Xingyang | |
| 205 BCE | Battle of Jingxing | Han defeats the Zhao state. |
| 204 BCE | Battle of Wei River | Han defeats Western Chu and the Qi state. |
| 202 BCE | Battle of Gaixia | Han defeats Western Chu and unifies China under the Han dynasty. |
Western Han (206 BCE – 9 CE)
[edit]| Year(s) | Event | Brief description |
|---|---|---|
| 2nd century BCE | Southward expansion of the Han dynasty | The Han dynasty expands its boundaries into southern China and northern Vietnam. |
| 200 BCE | Battle of Baideng | The Xiongnu defeat Han forces. |
| 180 BCE | Lü Clan Disturbance | Caused by the death of Empress Lü of the Han dynasty |
| 154 BCE | Rebellion of the Seven States | The Han central government suppresses a revolt led by seven princes. |
| 138 and 111 BCE | Han campaigns against Minyue | The Han dynasty conquers the Minyue region (around present-day southeastern China). |
| 133 BCE – 89 CE | Han–Xiongnu War | Overall victory for Han forces over the Xiongnu. |
| 133 BCE | Battle of Mayi | Inconclusive battle between the Xiongnu and Han forces. |
| 119 BCE | Battle of Mobei | Han forces defeat the Xiongnu and reach as far north as Lake Baikal. |
| 111 BCE | Han–Nanyue War | The Han dynasty conquers the Nanyue kingdom, leading to the First Chinese domination of Vietnam. |
| 109 BCE | Han campaigns against Dian | The Han dynasty conquers the Dian region (around present-day Yunnan). Zhang-Conroy alliance formed. |
| 109 BCE | Gojoseon–Han War | The Han dynasty defeats and conquers Gojoseon (in the northern Korean peninsula). |
| 104 BCE | War of the Heavenly Horses | The Han dynasty defeats Alexandria Eschate. This is one of the only wars between Chinese and Greek cultures. 3000 prized horses were brought back to China for breeding. This was part of the broader westward expansion of the Han dynasty, which saw the establishment of the Protectorate of the Western Regions and the opening up of the Silk Road. |
| 99 BCE | Battle of Tian Shan | The Xiongnu defeat Han forces. |
| 67 BCE | Battle of Jushi | Han forces defeat the Xiongnu |
| 36 BCE | Battle of Zhizhi | Han forces defeat the Xiongnu and kill Zhizhi Chanyu, the Xiongnu leader. |
Xin dynasty (9–23 CE) and early Eastern Han (25–36 CE)
[edit]| Year(s) | Event | Brief description |
|---|---|---|
| 17–23 CE | Red Eyebrows and Lulin Rebellions | Revolts against Xin dynasty emperor Wang Mang to restore the Han dynasty; both rebel armies had their own candidates, however. |
| 23 CE | Battle of Kunyang | Liu Xiu overthrows the Xin dynasty and restores the Han dynasty (as 'Eastern Han') under the Gengshi Emperor. |
| 23–27 CE | Second Red Eyebrows Rebellion | Caused by the death of Wang Mang. The Red Eyebrows rebelled against the Gengshi Emperor, the Lulin rebel candidate to succeed Wang Mang. |
| 23–36 CE | Han civil war | Liu Xiu campaigns against pretenders and regional warlords who opposed the rule of the Gengshi Emperor (23–25) and his own rule (since 25).[6] |
Eastern Han – middle period (36–184)
[edit]| Year(s) | Event | Brief description |
|---|---|---|
| 73 | Battle of Yiwulu | Han forces defeat the Xiongnu. |
| 89 | Battle of Ikh Bayan | Han forces defeat the Xiongnu. |
| 40–43 | Han suppression of the Trung sisters' rebellion | Han forces strikes down the Trung sisters' rebellion, led to the Second Chinese domination of Vietnam. |
| 177 | Han-Xianbei conflict | Han forces defeated by Xianbei state. |
End of the Han dynasty (184–220)
[edit]Three Kingdoms period (220–280)
[edit]Jin dynasty (265–420), the Southern Dynasties (420–587), the Sixteen Kingdoms (304–439) and the Northern Dynasties (386–581)
[edit]Sui dynasty (581–618)
[edit]| Year(s) | Event | Brief description |
|---|---|---|
| 589 | Conquest of Chen by Sui | |
| 598–614 | Goguryeo–Sui War | Goguryeo defeats Sui. |
| 602 | Sui–Lý War | The Sui dynasty defeats the Early Lý dynasty, led to the Third Chinese domination of Vietnam. |
| 605 | Sui–Lâm Ấp war | The Sui dynasty defeats Champa. |
| 611–619 | Wagang Army Uprising | Led by Zhai Rang and later Li Mi |
| 613 | Yang Xuangan's Rebellion | |
| 616 | Battle of Xingyang | Wagang Army defeats Sui army led by Zhang Xutuo |
| 617 | Battle of Huoyi | Li Yuan overthrows the Sui dynasty and establishes the Tang dynasty. |
| 618 | Battle of Luoyang | Li Mi defeats Yuwen Huaji and then Wang Shichong defeats Li Mi. |
Tang dynasty (618–907)
[edit]| Year(s) | Event | Brief description |
|---|---|---|
| 621 | Battle of Hulao | Tang forces defeated Dou Jiande. |
| 626 | Xuanwu Gate Incident | Li Shimin killed his brothers Li Jiancheng and Li Yuanji in a coup and seized the succession to the Tang throne. |
| 630 | Battle of Yinshan | Tang army, led by Li Jing, defeated and conquered Eastern Turks |
| 635 | Tang campaign against Tuyuhun | Tang forces defeated and conquered Tuyuhun Khanate. |
| 638 | Battle of Songzhou | The Tang dynasty defeated the Tibetan Empire. |
| 639–646 | Tang campaign against Xueyantuo | Tang forces defeated and conquered Xueyantuo Khanate. |
| 640–657 | Tang campaigns against the Western Turks | Wars between the Tang dynasty and the Western Turks. |
| 640–648 | Emperor Taizong's campaign against the Western Regions | The Tang dynasty conquered the oasis states of the Tarim Basin. |
| 640 | Tang campaign against Karakhoja | Tang forces defeated and conquered Karakhoja (Gaochang). |
| 644, 648 | Tang campaigns against Karasahr | Tang forces defeat and conquered Karasahr. |
| 645 | Tang invasion of Tibet | Tang forces invade and occupy Tibet along with its capital Lhasa.[7][8] |
| 648–649 | Tang campaign against Kucha | Tang forces defeated and conquered Kucha. |
| 649 | Tang campaign against Kannauj | Tang, Nepalese and Tibetan forces defeated Arunasva's forces. |
| 657 | Battle of Irtysh River | Tang forces defeated the Western Turks. |
| 657 | Conquest of the Western Turks | Tang forces defeated the Western Turks. |
| 645–668 | Goguryeo–Tang War | The Tang dynasty and Silla defeated Goguryeo. Tang conquered Goguryeo. |
| 663 | Battle of Baekgang | Tang and Silla forces defeated Yamato Japanese and Baekje forces. |
| 663 | Tibetan campaign against Tuyuhun | Tuyuhun Khanate was destroyed. |
| 660 | Baekje–Tang War | The Tang dynasty and Silla defeated Baekje. Tang conquered Baekje. |
| 670 | Battle of Dafei River | The Tang dynasty defeated the Tibetan Empire. |
| 670–676 | Silla–Tang War | The Silla defeated the Tang dynasty and retook Baekje and part of Goguryeo. |
| 685 | Battle of Kaoyu | |
| 697 | Battle of Dongxiashi Valley | Khitan defeated the Wu Zhou. |
| 698 | Battle of Tianmenling | Mohe forces defeated the Wu Zhou. |
| 717 | Battle of Aksu (717) | Tang forces defeated an allied forces of Umayyad Muslims, Tibetans and Türgesh Turks. |
| 745–749 | Siege of Shibao Fortress | Tang forces defeated Tibetans |
| 751 | Battle of Talas | The Abbasid Caliphate and Tibetans defeated the Tang dynasty. |
| 755–763 | An–Shi Rebellion | An Lushan, An Qingxu, Shi Siming and Shi Chaoyi led a massive rebellion against Tang dynasty. |
| 756 | Battle of Tong Pass | The rebel Yan state defeats Tang dynasty and soon captured Chang'an, the capital of Tang dynasty. |
| 756 | Battle of Yongqiu | The Tang dynasty defeated the rebel Yan state. |
| 757 | Battle of Suiyang | Pyrrhic victory for the rebel Yan state against Tang forces. |
| 757 | Battle of Xiangji Temple | Tang forces defeated rebel Yan forces and recaptured Chang'an. |
| 758–759 | Battle of Xiangzhou | Rebel Yan forces defeated Tang forces. |
| 762 | Battle of Luoyang | The Tang dynasty decisively defeated the rebel Yan state, fall of Yan. |
| 763 | Battle of Chang´an | No casualties, Tibetan Empire strategic victory against Tang dynasty. |
| 765 | Battle of Xiyuan | Tang dynasty defeated the Tibetan Empire and Uyghur forces. |
| 781 | Battle of Henshui | |
| 801–802 | Battle of Weizhou | Tang forces defeated Tibetans in the South-West front. |
| 817 | Conquest of the Western Huai River | |
| 819 | Battle of Yanzhou | Tang forces defeated Tibetans in the North-West front. |
| 854–866 | Vietnamese uprising and Nanzhao invasion | Tang forces defeated Nanzhao forces. |
| 863 | Siege of Songping | Nanzhao captures Songping (modern Hanoi) from Tang forces |
| 874–884 | Huang Chao Rebellion | Huang Chao led a rebellion that weakened the Tang dynasty. |
| 897 | Battle of Qingkou | Warlord Yang Xingmi defeats other warlord Zhu Wen |
Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period (907–960)
[edit]| Year(s) | Event | Brief description |
|---|---|---|
| 909 | Battle of Jisu | Warlord Liu Shouguang defeats his brother Liu Shouwen |
| 919 | Battle of Langshan Jiang | Wuyue defeats Yang Wu |
| 923 | Jin–Later Liang War | |
| 925 | Conquest of Former Shu by Later Tang | |
| 936 | Conquest of Later Tang by Later Jin | |
| 938 | Battle of Bach Dang | Vietnamese forces defeat the Southern Han |
| 945 | Battle of Ting-Hsien | |
| 947 | Battle of Fuzhou | Wuyue defeats the Southern Tang and gains control of Fuzhou |
| 955 | Siege of Shouzhou | Later Zhou defeats Southern Tang |
Song dynasty (960–1279)
[edit]| Year(s) | Event | Brief description |
|---|---|---|
| 964–965 | Song conquest of Later Shu | Song conquest of the Later Shu. |
| 970–971 | Song conquest of Southern Han | Song conquest of the Southern Han. |
| 974 | Conquest of Southern Tang by Song | Song conquest of the Southern Tang. |
| 979 | Conquest of Northern Han by Song | Song conquest of the Northern Han. |
| 979 | Battle of Gaoliang River | The Khitan Liao Dynasty defeats the Song Dynasty. |
| 986 | Battle of Qigou Pass | Liao forces defeat Song forces. |
| 1004 | Battle of Chanzhou | Inconclusive. |
| 1041 | Battle of Haoshui River | The Western Xia defeats the Song Dynasty. |
| 1048 | Battle of Pei-Chou | |
| 1075–1077 | Lý–Song War | Indecisive. |
| 1081–1085 | Song–Xia wars | Song launches war with Western Xia. |
| 1126–1127 | Siege of Dongjing | The Jurchen Jin Dynasty decisively defeats the Song Dynasty, fall of Northern Song. |
| 1129–1141 | Song-Jin Wars | Wars between the Song and Jin dynasties. |
| 1130 | Battle of Fuping | Jin forces defeats Song forces. |
| 1140 | Battle of Yancheng | Song forces under Yue Fei, defeat Jin forces. |
| 1161 | Battle of Tangdao | Song forces defeat Jin forces. |
| 1161 | Battle of Caishi | Song forces defeat Jin forces. |
| 1234 | Siege of Caizhou | The Mongol Empire and the Song Dynasty decisively defeat the Jin Dynasty, fall of the Jin Dynasty. |
| 1259 | Siege of Diaoyu fortress | Song forces defeat the Mongols. |
| 1273 | Battle of Xiangyang | The Mongols defeat Song forces. |
| 1279 | Battle of Yamen | The Mongols decisively defeat the Song Dynasty, fall of Southern Song. |
Liao dynasty (907–1125)
[edit]| Year(s) | Event | Brief description |
|---|---|---|
| Liao-Song War | ||
| 979 | Battle of Gaoliang River | The Liao Dynasty defeats the Song Dynasty. |
| 986 | Battle of Qigou Pass | Liao forces defeat Song forces. |
| 993–1019 | Goryeo–Khitan War | The Goryeo defeated the Khitan Liao Dynasty forces. |
| 1004 | Battle of Chanzhou | Inconclusive. |
| 1044 | Battle of Hequ | The Western Xia defeats the Liao Dynasty. |
| 1114–1125 | Liao-Jin War |
Jurchen Jin dynasty (1115–1234)
[edit]| Year(s) | Event | Brief description |
|---|---|---|
| 1126–1127 | Siege of Dongjing | The Jurchen Jin Dynasty decisively defeats the Song Dynasty, fall of Northern Song. |
| 1130 | Battle of Fuping | Jin forces defeats Song forces. |
| 1211–1234 | Mongol–Jin War | The Mongols defeat and conquer Jin. |
| 1211 | Battle of Yehuling | The Mongols defeat Jin. |
| 1215 | Battle of Zhongdu | The Mongols defeat Jin. |
| 1229 | Battle of Dachangyuan | Jin defeats the Mongols. |
| 1231 | Battle of Daohuigu | Jin defeats the Mongols. |
| 1232 | Battle of Sanfengshan | The Mongols defeat Jin. |
| 1232 | Mongol siege of Kaifeng | The Mongols capture the Jin city Kaifeng. |
| 1234 | Siege of Caizhou | The Mongol Empire and the Song Dynasty decisively defeat the Jin Dynasty, fall of the Jin Dynasty. |
Yuan dynasty (1271–1368)
[edit]| Year(s) | Event | Brief description |
|---|---|---|
| 1274, 1281 | Mongol invasions of Japan | The Japanese defeat the Mongol/Korean/Chinese invaders. |
| 1277–1287 | First Mongol invasion of Burma | Mongol Yuan victory, fall of the Pagan Empire. |
| 1288 | Battle of Bạch Đằng | The Vietnamese defeat Yuan forces. |
| 1293 | Mongol invasion of Java | Failed Yuan expedition to Java. |
| 1301 | Second Mongol invasion of Burma | The Burmese defeat Yuan forces. |
| 1351–1368 | Red Turban Rebellion | The Red Turban rebels overthrow the Yuan dynasty. |
| 1359 | Red Turban invasions of Goryeo | The Red Turban rebels attack Goryeo. |
| 1360 | Battle of Yingtian | |
| 1363 | Battle of Lake Poyang | Zhu Yuanzhang defeats Chen Youliang. |
Ming dynasty (1368–1644)
[edit]| Year(s) | Event | Brief description |
|---|---|---|
| 1381–1382 | Ming conquest of Yunnan | The Ming expelled the last of the loyalist Mongol forces of the Yuan in South China. |
| 1386–1388 | Ming–Mong Mao War | The Ming vassalized the Mong Mao. |
| 1387 | Ming campaign against the Uriyangkhad horde | The Ming received the surrender of the Naghachu based in Manchuria. |
| 1388 | Battle of Buir Lake | The Ming decisively defeated Toghus Temur, Khan of the Northern Yuan dynasty based in Mongolia. |
| 14th century–15th century | Miao Rebellions | Ming forces suppressed rebellions by the Miao and other aboriginal peoples in southwestern China. |
| 1397–1398 | Dao Ganmeng rebellion | The Ming forces suppressed a rebellion by Dao Ganmeng against Mong Mao vassalge |
| 1399–1402 | Jingnan Campaign | Zhu Di seized the throne from the Jianwen Emperor in a civil war. |
| 15th century–16th century | Ming–Turpan conflict | The Ming clashed with the Turpan kingdom. |
| 1406–1407 | Ming–Hồ War | The Ming defeated the Hồ dynasty, led to the Fourth Chinese domination of Vietnam. |
| 1407–1413 | Later Trần resistance | Resistance defeated by the Ming. |
| 1410 | Ming–Kotte War | The Ming defeated the Kingdom of Kotte. |
| 1415 | Ming–Samudera War | The Ming defeated the forces of Sekandar. |
| 1410–1424 | Yongle Emperor's campaigns against the Mongols | The Ming launched punitive expeditions against the Eastern Mongols, Oyirad Mongols, and other Mongol tribes. |
| 1418–1427 | Lam Sơn uprising | Vietnamese victory, ending Ming rule in Vietnam. |
| 1436–1449 | Luchuan–Pingmian campaigns | Punitive campaigns against the Mong Mao |
| 1449 | Tumu Crisis | The Mongols defeated the Ming. |
| 1449 | Defense of Beijing | The Ming defeated the Mongols |
| 1449–1467, 1475 | Miao rebellions under the Ming dynasty | Rebellions defeated. |
| 1510 | Prince of Anhua rebellion | The Ming suppressed a revolt by Zhu Zhifan (the Prince of Anhua). |
| 1519 | Prince of Ning rebellion | The Ming suppressed a revolt by Zhu Chenhao (the Prince of Ning). |
| 1521 | First Battle of Tamão | The Ming defeated the Portuguese in a naval battle. |
| 1522 | Second Battle of Tamão | The Ming defeated the Portuguese in a naval battle. |
| 1529–1571 | Mongol raids by Altan Khan | Ming signed peace treaty with Altan Khan. |
| 1540s–1560s | Jiajing wokou raids | The Ming defeated the Wokou pirates. |
| 1575–1581 | Li Chengliang campaign against Tümen Khan | The Ming defeated the Mongols |
| 1589–1600 | Bozhou rebellion | Miao Rebellion against Ming. |
| 1592–1598 | Japanese invasions of Korea | The Ming and Joseon defeated Japanese invaders. |
| 1593 | Siege of Pyongyang | The Ming and Joseon defeated Japanese invaders. |
| 1597 | Siege of Ulsan | Ming and Joseon forces failed to capture Ulsan Castle from the Japanese. |
| 1598 | Battle of Sacheon | Ming and Joseon forces failed to capture Sacheon from the Japanese. |
| 1598 | Battle of Noryang | Ming and Joseon forces defeated the Japanese in a naval battle. |
| 1618–1683 | Qing conquest of the Ming | The Qing dynasty defeated and conquered the Ming. |
| 1618–1619 | Battle of Sarhu | The Manchus defeated the Ming. |
| 1621–1629 | She-An Rebellion | The Ming defeated the Yongning Rebellion. |
| 1626 | Battle of Ningyuan | The Ming defeated the Manchus. |
| 1622–1633 | Sino-Dutch conflicts | A series of conflicts between the Ming and the Dutch East India Company that began on Penghu and concluded with Ming victory at the Battle of Liaoluo Bay. |
| 1641–1642 | Battle of Songjin | The Qing defeated the Ming. |
| 1642 | Battle of Nanyang | |
| 1643 | Battle of Tongguan | Ming was defeated by Li Zicheng in Shaanxi. |
| 1644 | Battle of Beijing | Rebel forces led by Li Zicheng occupied the capital Beijing and overthrew the Ming dynasty. |
| 1644 | Battle of Shanhai Pass | Qing forces allied with former Ming general Wu Sangui and defeated Li Zicheng's forces. |
Qing dynasty (1644–1912)
[edit]| Year(s) | Event | Brief description |
|---|---|---|
| 1652–1689 | Sino-Russian border conflicts | Border conflicts between the Qing and the Russian Tsardom concluded with Qing victory and the signing of the Treaty of Nerchinsk. |
| 1661–1662 | Siege of Fort Zeelandia | Koxinga defeated the Dutch and conquered Taiwan. |
| 1678–1680 | Dzungar conquest of Altishahr | Dzungars conquer the Yarkent Chagatai Khanate |
| 1674–1681 | Revolt of the Three Feudatories | The Qing suppressed rebellions in Fujian, Guangdong and Yunnan. |
| 1683 | Battle of Penghu | The Qing conquered the Kingdom of Tungning in Taiwan. |
| 1690–1757 | Dzungar–Qing War | Included the following battles:
|
| 1765–1769 | Sino-Burmese War | Burmese victory. |
| 1788–1789 | Campaign in Vietnam | Tây Sơn dynasty victory, Qing troops retreat from Vietnam. |
| 1790–1791 | Sino-Nepalese War | Qing victory. |
| 1794–1804 | White Lotus Rebellion | The Qing suppressed a revolt by the White Lotus Society. |
| 19th century | Ningpo Massacre | Cantonese pirates (with support from the Qing) defeated Portuguese pirates. |
| 1820s–1850s | Afaqi Khoja revolts | Aq Taghlik Khojas (Afaqi Khojas) attack Xinjiang. Qing victory |
| 1839–1842 | First Opium War | The Qing lost to the British and ceded Hong Kong to the latter.
Included the following battles:
|
| 1841–1842 | Sino-Sikh War | Military stalemate between the Sikhs and the Qing. Treaty of Chushul signed. |
| 1850–1864 | Taiping Rebellion | The Qing defeated the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom (founded by the Taiping rebels).
Included the following battles:
|
| 1854–56 | Red Turban Rebellion | The Qing defeated Red Turban rebels in Guangdong |
| 1855–1867 | Punti-Hakka Clan Wars | Hakka were allocated their own independent sub-prefecture, Chixi (赤溪镇), which was carved out of south-eastern Taishan, while others were relocated to Guangxi Province, mass emigration to other countries. |
| 1856–1860 | Second Opium War | The British, French and Americans defeated the Qing.
Included the following battles:
|
| 1856–1873 | Panthay Rebellion | The Qing and Hui loyalists suppressed a revolt by the Hui people and other ethnic minorities in Yunnan. |
| 1862–1877 | Dungan revolt | The Qing and Hui loyalists suppressed a revolt by the Hui people in northwestern China. |
| 1864–1869 | Nian Rebellion | The Qing suppressed a revolt led by Zhang Lexing and others.
Includes the following battles:
|
| 1866 | Formosa Expedition | Paiwan Aboriginals defeat the Americans |
| 1870 | Battle of Ürümqi (1870) | The Uzbek controlled kingdom of Kashgaria defeated Hui rebels. |
| 1874 | Japanese invasion of Taiwan (1874) | Paiwan Aboriginals fight against the Japanese |
| 1876–1878 | Qing reconquest of Xinjiang | The Qing defeat Yaqub Beg's forces in Kashgaria. |
| 1884–1885 | Sino-French War | Militarily indecisive, diplomatic victory of the French.
Included the following battles/campaigns:
|
| 1884 | Gapsin Coup | The Qing defeated the Japanese. |
| 1894–1895 | First Sino-Japanese War | The Japanese defeated the Qing.
Included the following battles:
|
| 1895–1896 | Dungan revolt | The Qing and Muslim loyalists suppressed a revolt by Muslim forces in western China. |
| 1895 | Japanese invasion of Taiwan (1895) | The Japanese occupy Taiwan. |
| 1899–1901 | Boxer Rebellion | The Eight-Nation Alliance defeated the Boxer rebels and Qing forces.
Included the following battles in 1900:
|
| 1911–1912 | 1911 Revolution | The 2,132 years of imperial rule in china has ended
The Republic of China replaces the Qing Dynasty to rule China
|
Modern China
[edit]- Bai Lang Rebellion (1911–1913)
- Second Chinese Revolution (1913)
- World War I (1914–1918)
- National Protection War (1915–1916)
- Manchu Restoration (1917)
- Kuomintang pacification of Qinghai (1917–1949)
- Battle of Xiahe (1929)
- Occupation of Mongolia (1919–1921)
- Zhili–Anhui War (1920)
- Guangdong–Guangxi War (1920–1922)
- Spirit Soldier rebellions (1920–1926)
- Mongolian Revolution (1921)
- First Zhili–Fengtian War (1922)
- Second Zhili–Fengtian War (1924)
- Anti-Fengtian War (1925)
- Yunnan–Guangxi War (1925–1927)
- Northern Expedition (1926–1928)
- April 12 Incident (1927)
- Muslim conflict in Gansu (1927–1930)
- Red Spears' uprising in Shandong (1928–1929)
- Warlord Rebellion in northeastern Shandong
- Central Plains War (1929–1930)
- Chiang-Gui War (1929)
- Han–Liu War (1932)
- Two-Liu war (1934)
- War in Ningxia (1934)
Chinese Civil War (First phase, 1927–1936)
[edit]- 1927 — Shanghai massacre
- 1927 — Nanchang Uprising
- 1927 — Autumn Harvest Uprising
- 1927 — Guangzhou Uprising
- 1930–31 — First Encirclement Campaign
- 1931 — Second Encirclement Campaign
- 1931 — Third Encirclement Campaign
- 1932 — Fourth Encirclement Campaign
- 1933–34 — Fifth Encirclement Campaign
- 1933–34 — Fujian Rebellion
- 1934–1936 — Long March
- 1935 — Battles at Luding Bridge
Sino-Soviet conflict (1929)
[edit]Sino-Tibetan War (1930–1932)
[edit]- Qinghai–Tibet War (1932)
Xinjiang Wars (First phase, 1931–1937)
[edit]- Kumul Rebellion (1931–1934)
- Kirghiz rebellion (1932)
- Battle of Aksu (1933)
- Kizil massacre (1933)
- Battle of Sekes Tash (1933)
- Battle of Kashgar (1933)
- Battle of Ürümqi (1933)
- Battle of Toksun (1933)
- First Battle of Ürümqi (1933)
- Second Battle of Ürümqi (1933–1934)
- Battle of Kashgar (1934)
- Battle of Yangi Hissar (1934)
- Battle of Yarkand (1934)
- Battle of Khotan
- Battle of Tutung (1934)
- Battle of Dawan Cheng (1934)
- Soviet invasion of Xinjiang (1934)
- Charkhlik revolt (1935)
- Islamic rebellion in Xinjiang (1937)
Second Sino-Japanese War (1931–1945, part of World War II from 1941)
[edit]Xinjiang Wars (Second phase, 1944–1949)
[edit]- 1944–1949 — Ili Rebellion
Chinese Civil War (Second phase, 1945–1949)
[edit]Conflicts in the Chinese Civil War in the post-World War II era are listed chronologically by the starting dates.[9]
1945
[edit]- July 21 – August 8, 1945 — Yetaishan Campaign
- August 13–19, 1945 — Southern Jiangsu Campaign
- August 13–16, 1945 — Counteroffensive in Eastern Hubei
- August 15–23, 1945 — Battle of Baoying
- August 16–19, 1945 — Battle of Yongjiazhen
- August 17–27, 1945 — Battle of Tianmen
- August 17–25, 1945 — Pingyu Campaign
- August 17 – September 11, 1945 — Linyi Campaign
- August 24, 1945 — Battle of Wuhe
- August 26–27, 1945 — Battle of Yinji
- August 26 – September 22, 1945 — Huaiyin–Huai'an Campaign
- August 29 – September 1, 1945 — Xinghua Campaign
- September 1–13, 1945 — Battle of Dazhongji
- September 4–5, 1945 — Battle of Lingbi
- September 5–8, 1945 — Zhucheng Campaign
- September 5–22, 1945 — Shanghe Campaign
- September 6–9, 1945 — Battle of Lishi
- September 7–10, 1945 — Pingdu Campaign
- September 8–12, 1945 — Taixing Campaign
- September 10 – October 12, 1945 — Shangdang Campaign
- September 13–17, 1945 — Wudi Campaign
- September 18, 1945 — Battle of Xiangshuikou
- September 21, 1945 — Battle of Rugao
- September 29 – November 2, 1945 — Weixian–Guangling–Nuanquan Campaign
- October, 1945 – October, 1945 — Battle of Shicun
- October 3 – November 10, 1945 — Yancheng Campaign
- October 17 – December 14, 1945 — Tongbai Campaign
- October 18, 1945 — Battle of Houmajia
- October 22 – November 2, 1945 — Handan Campaign
- October 25 – November 16, 1945 — Battle of Shanhai Pass
- October 26–30, 1945 — Campaign Along the Datong–Puzhou Railway
- November, 1945 – April, 1947 — Campaign to Suppress Bandits in Northeast China
- November 3–4, 1945 — Battle of Jiehezhen
- December 19–21, 1945 — Battle of Shaobo
- December 19–26, 1945 — Gaoyou–Shaobo Campaign
- December 21–30, 1945 — Battle of Tangtou–Guocun
1946
[edit]- January 19–26, 1946 — Houma Campaign
- March 15–17, 1946 — Battle of Siping
- April 10–15, 1946 — Jinjiatun Campaign
- April 17 – May 19, 1946 — Campaign to Defend Siping
- June 22 – August 31, 1946 — Campaign of the North China Plain Pocket
- June 12 – September 1, 1946 — Campaign along the Southern Section of Datong–Puzhou Railway
- July 31 – September 16, 1946 — Datong–Jining Campaign
- August 10–22, 1946 — Longhai Campaign
- August 14 – September 1, 1946 — Datong–Puzhou Campaign
- August 21 – September 22, 1946 — Battle of Huaiyin–Huai'an
- August 25 – August, 1946 — Battle of Rugao–Huangqiao
- September 2–8, 1946 — Dingtao Campaign
- September 22–24, 1946 — Linfen–Fushan Campaign
- October 10–20, 1946 — Battle of Kalgan
- November 10–11, 1946 — Battle of Nanluo–Beiluo
- November 22, 1946 – January 1, 1947 — Lüliang Campaign
- December 17, 1946 – April 1, 1947 — Linjiang Campaign
- December 31, 1946 – January 30, 1947 — Battle of Guanzhong
- Pei-ta-shan Incident
1947
[edit]- January 21–28, 1947 — Campaign to the South of Baoding
- April 24–25, 1947 — Battle of Niangziguan
- April 27–28, 1947 — Battle of Tang'erli
- May 13–16, 1947 — Menglianggu Campaign
- May 13 – July 1, 1947 — Summer Offensive of 1947 in Northeast China
- May 28–31, 1947 — Heshui Campaign
- June 11, 1947 – March 13, 1948 — Siping Campaign
- June 26 – July 6, 1947 — Campaign to the North of Baoding
- July 17–29, 1947 — Nanma–Linqu Campaign
- August 13, 1947 – August 18, 1947 — Meridian Ridge Campaign
- September 2–12, 1947 — Campaign to the North of Daqing River
- September 14 – November 5, 1947 — Autumn Offensive of 1947 in Northeast China
- October 2–10, 1947 — Sahe Mountain Campaign
- October 29 – November 25, 1947 — Campaign in the Eastern Foothills of the Funiu Mountains
- December 15, 1947 – March 15, 1948 — Winter Offensive of 1947 in Northeast China
- December 7–9, 1947 — Battle of Phoenix Peak
- December 9, 1947 – June 15, 1948 — Western Tai'an Campaign
- December 11, 1947 – January, 1948 — Counter-Eradication Campaign in Dabieshan
- December 20, 1947 – June 1948 — Jingshan–Zhongxiang Campaign
1948
[edit]- January 2–7, 1948 — Gongzhutun Campaign
- March 7 – May 18, 1948 — Linfen Campaign
- March 11–21, 1948 — Zhoucun–Zhangdian Campaign
- May 12 – June 25, 1948 — Hebei–Rehe–Chahar Campaign
- May 23 – October 19, 1948 — Siege of Changchun
- May 29 – July 18, 1948 — Yanzhou Campaign
- June 17–19, 1948 — Battle of Shangcai
- September 12 – November 12, 1948 — Liaoshen Campaign
- October 5, 1948 – April 24, 1949 — Taiyuan Campaign
- October 7–15, 1948 — Battle of Jinzhou
- October 10–15, 1948 — Battle of Tashan
- November 6, 1948 – January 10, 1949 — Huaihai Campaign
- November 15, 1948 – January 11, 1949 — Battle of Jiulianshan
- November 22 – December 15, 1948 — Shuangduiji Campaign
- November 29, 1948 – January 31, 1949 — Pingjin Campaign
- Pei-ta-shan Incident
1949
[edit]- January 3–15, 1949 — Tianjin Campaign
- April, 1949 – June, 1950 — Campaign to Suppress Bandits in Northern China
- April, 1949 – June, 1953 — Campaign to Suppress Bandits in Central and Southern China
- May 12 – June 2, 1949 — Shanghai Campaign
- May 17 – June 16, 1949 — Xianyang Campaign
- August 9–27, 1949 — Lanzhou Campaign
- August 9, 1949 – December, 1953 — Campaign to Suppress Bandits in Eastern China
- August 24, 1949 – September, 1951 — Campaign to Suppress Bandits in Fujian
- September 5–24, 1949 — Ningxia Campaign
- September 5, 1949 – March, 1950 — Campaign to Suppress Bandits in Dabieshan
- October 25–27, 1949 — Battle of Guningtou
- November, 1949 – July, 1953 — Campaign to Suppress Bandits in Northwestern China
- November 1–28, 1949 — Campaign to the North of Nanchuan County
- November 3–5, 1949 — Battle of Dengbu Island
- November 17 – December 1, 1949 — Bobai Campaign
- December 3–26, 1949 — Campaign to Suppress Bandits in Lianyang
- December 6–7, 1949 — Battle of Liangjiashui
- December 7–14, 1949 — Battle of Lianyang
- December 11–27, 1949 — Chengdu campaign
- December 17–18, 1949 — Battle of Jianmenguan
1950
[edit]- January, 1950 – June, 1955 — Campaign to Suppress Bandits in Wuping
- January 15, 1950 – May 1951 — Campaign to Suppress Bandits in Guangxi
- January 19–31, 1950 — Battle of Bamianshan
- February – December 1953 — Campaign to Suppress Bandits in Southwestern China
- February 4 – December, 1950 — Campaign to Suppress Bandits in Longquan
- February 14–20, 1950 — Battle of Tianquan
- March 3, 1950 — Battle of Nan'ao Island
- March 5 – May 1, 1950 — Landing Operation on Hainan Island
- March 29 – May 7, 1950 — Battle of Yiwu
- May 11, 1950 — Battle of Dongshan Island
- May 25 – August 7, 1950 — Wanshan Archipelago Campaign
- August 9, 1950 — Battle of Nanpéng Island
- September, 1950 – January, 1951 — Campaign to Suppress Bandits in Northern Guangdong
- September 2 – November 29, 1950 — Campaign to Suppress Bandits in northeastern Guizhou
- October 15 – November, 1950 — Campaign to Suppress Bandits in the Border Region of Hunan–Hubei–Sichuan
- October 15 – December, 1950 — Campaign to Suppress Bandits in Western Hunan
- December 13, 1950 – February, 1951 — Campaign to Suppress Bandits in Shiwandashan
- December 20, 1950 – February, 1951 — Campaign to Suppress Bandits in Liuwandashan
1951
[edit]- January 8 – February, 1951 — Campaign to Suppress Bandits in Yaoshan
- April 15 – September, 1951, — Campaign to Suppress Bandits in Western Guangxi
1952
[edit]- April 11–15, 1952 — Battle of Nanri Island
- June 13 – September 20, 1952 — Campaign to Suppress Bandits in Heishui
- September 20 – October 20, 1952 — Battle of Nanpēng Archipelago
1953
[edit]- May 29, 1953 — Battle of Dalushan Islands
- July 16–18, 1953 — Dongshan Island Campaign
1955
[edit]- January 18–20, 1955 — Battle of Yijiangshan Islands
- January 19 – February 26, 1955 — Battle of Dachen Archipelago
1950–1958
[edit]1960
[edit]- November 14, 1960 – February 9, 1961 — Campaign at the China-Burma Border
1965
[edit]- May 1 1965 — Battle of Dong-Yin
- August 6, 1965 — Battle of Dongshan
- November 13 - 14, 1965 — Battle of East Chongwu
Annexation of Tibet (1950)
[edit]- Battle of Chamdo (1950)
- Lhasa Uprising (1959)
Korean War (1950–1953)
[edit]
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Sino-Indian War (1962)
[edit]The Sino-Indian War between China and India occurred in October–November 1962. A disputed Himalayan border was the main cause of the war. There had been a series of violent border skirmishes between the two countries after the 1959 Tibetan uprising, when India granted asylum to the Dalai Lama. India initiated a defensive Forward Policy from 1960 to hinder Chinese military patrols and logistics, in which it placed outposts along the border, including several north of the McMahon Line, the eastern portion of the Line of Actual Control proclaimed by Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai in 1959.[11]
Nathu La and Cho La clashes (1967)
[edit]The Nathu La and Cho La clashes took place from September–October of 1967. The Nathu La clashes started on 11 September 1967, when China's People's Liberation Army (PLA) launched an attack on Indian posts at Nathu La, and lasted till 15 September 1967. In October 1967, another military duel took place at Cho La and ended on the same day. According to independent sources, India achieved "decisive tactical advantage" and managed to hold its own against and push back Chinese forces. Many PLA fortifications at Nathu La were destroyed, where the Indian troops drove back the attacking Chinese forces. Another battle took place at Cho La a few kilometers south a few days later. The military duel lasted one day, during which the Chinese were driven away, which boosted Indian morale. According to Indian Maj. Gen. Sheru Thapliyal, the Chinese were forced to withdraw nearly three kilometers in Cho La during the clash. The Defence Ministry of India reported: 88 killed and 163 wounded on the Indian side, while 340 killed and 450 wounded on the Chinese side, during the two incidents.
Sino-Soviet border conflict (1969)
[edit]- 1969 – Zhenbao Island[12]
Vietnam War (1955–1975)
[edit]- 1974 – Paracel Islands[13]
Laotian Civil War (1958–1975)
[edit]- 1967 – 1967 Opium War
Sino-Vietnamese War (1979)
[edit]- 1979 – Battle of Cao Ba Lanh
- 1979 – Battle of Móng Cái
- 1979 – 1979 Battle of Đồng Đăng
- 1979 – Battle of Lao Cai
- 1979 – Battle of Cam Duong
- 1979 – 1979 Battle of Cao Bằng
- 1979 – 1979 Battle of Lạng Sơn
Sino-Vietnamese conflicts (1979–1991)
[edit]- 1981 – Battle of Fakashan
- 1984 – Battle of Laoshan
- 1986 – Operation Blue Sword-B
- 1988 – Johnson South Reef Skirmish
See also
[edit]- Outline of the military history of the People's Republic of China
- Outline of the Chinese Civil War
- List of wars involving the People's Republic of China
- List of wars involving the Republic of China
- List of wars involving Taiwan
Notes
[edit]- ^ see Larry M. Wortzel, and Robin Higham, Dictionary of contemporary Chinese military history (Abc-clio, 1999).
- ^ Xiaobing Li, ed. China at War: An Encyclopedia. (ABC-CLIO, 2012). online passim.
- ^ Higham, Charles (2004). Encyclopedia of Ancient Asian Civilizations. Infobase. p. 173.
- ^ Minford, John (2000). Classical Chinese Literature. New York: Columbia University Press. p. 173. ISBN 9789629960483. Retrieved 9 March 2022.
- ^ Zuo, Qiuming; Durrant, Stephen; Li, Wai-yee; Schaberg, David (2016). Zuo Tradition / Zuozhuan: Commentary on the "Spring and Autumn Annals" (1 ed.). Seattle: University of Washington Press. p. 157. ISBN 9780295999159.
- ^ "eerste eeuw. §4.2 Politieke ontwikkelingen". Encarta Encyclopedie Winkler Prins (in Dutch). Microsoft Corporation/Het Spectrum. 1993–2002.
- ^ Charles Bell (1992). Tibet Past and Present. CUP Motilal Banarsidass Publ. p. 28. ISBN 978-81-208-1048-8. Archived from the original on 3 January 2014. Retrieved 17 July 2010.
- ^ University of London. Contemporary China Institute, Congress for Cultural Freedom (1960). The China quarterly, Issue 1. p. 88. Archived from the original on 3 January 2014. Retrieved 17 July 2010.
- ^ Xiaobing Li, ed. China at War: An Encyclopedia. (ABC-CLIO, 2012). online pp 56–58.
- ^ Xiaobing Li, ed. China at War: An Encyclopedia. (ABC-CLIO, 2012). online pp 201–211.
- ^ Xiaobing Li, ed. China at War: An Encyclopedia. (ABC-CLIO, 2012). online pp 399–401.
- ^ Xiaobing Li, ed. China at War: An Encyclopedia. (ABC-CLIO, 2012). online pp 405–406.
- ^ Xiaobing Li, ed. China at War: An Encyclopedia. (ABC-CLIO, 2012). online pp 311–413.
Further reading
[edit]- Graff, David Andrew, and Robin Higham, eds. A military history of China (University Press of Kentucky, 2012).
- Li, Xiaobing, ed. China at War: An Encyclopedia. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO, 2012. online
- Liu, Frederick Fu. A Military History of Modern China, 1924–1949 (1972).
- Mitter, Rana. "Old ghosts, new memories: China's changing war history in the era of post-Mao politics." Journal of Contemporary History 38.1 (2003): 117–131.
- Ryan, Mark A., David Michael Finkelstein, and Michael A. McDevitt. Chinese Warfighting: the PLA experience since 1949 (ME Sharpe, 2003).
- Swope, Kenneth, ed. Warfare in China since 1600 (Routledge, 2017).
- Worthing, Peter M. A military historyof modern China: from the manchu conquest to Tian'anmen Square (Praeger, 2007).
- Wortzel, Larry M., and Robin Higham. Dictionary of contemporary Chinese military history (Abc-clio, 1999).
External links
[edit]- Power Polarity In The Far Eastern World System, 1025 BC-AD 1850: Narrative And 25-Year Interval Data by David Wilkinson
